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Laos history is one of colonization and occupation. Some of the earliest conquerors were the mighty Khmer Empire. The nation of’ Lane Xang’, or the Land of a Million Elephants was born with Luang Prabang as its capital. Khmer power yielded to that of the neighboring Thais until towards the end of the 19th century the Thais were forced to give up large parts of their territory to France. Lan Xang was renamed Laos and became part of French Indochina. France granted Laos sovereignty in 1953 although many nationalists were not convinced that government with a constitutional monarch was the answer. After France vacated Vietnam in 1954 Laos was dragged into the wider conflict in Vietnam. In 1975 both Saigon and Phnom Penh fell and Vientiane soon followed with little opposition as the Lao People’s Democratic Republic was established.
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